Esophagectomy at most medical centres is performed exclusively via open incisions in both the chest and the abdomen, meaning that the ribs are spread apart and the abdominal wall is widely opened. This results in more discomfort and possibly prolonged recovery times. The abdominal cavity and the right thoracic cavity are directly viewed with a tiny, 10 mm, video camera that is placed through one of the small incisions. Minimally invasive esophagectomy is a particularly good option (along with transhiatal esophagectomy, which also avoids thoracotomy), for patients with earlier-stage tumours, as well as for elderly patients and patients with moderate lung disease who have a somewhat higher risk for complications. A pre-cancerous condition characterized by changes in the cells lining the oesophagus which raises the risk of developing adenocarcinoma of the esophagus. It is associated with long-term irritation from acid reflux, commonly in patients with a long history of heartburn.
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